Smile Bot: Digital Smile Pre-Assessment Tool
Digital Smile Design

Smile Bot: Digital Smile Pre-Assessment Tool

Smile Bot is our clinic's digital smile pre-assessment tool. This page explains what the tool reads from a photo, where it can get things wrong, and how any image you upload is protected. A pre-assessment is not a substitute for treatment — diagnosis and treatment planning are only ever made through a dentist's examination.

Smile Bot: Digital Smile Pre-Assessment Tool
What is Smile Bot, and what isn't it?

The word 'bot' in the name might suggest a system that makes decisions, but there's no diagnostic mechanism behind it. Smile Bot gives you a starting point for talking about smile aesthetics before you come in for your appointment. It examines the tooth alignment, midline and smile line in your uploaded photo using visual criteria, then offers a general outline of what might be worth discussing at your appointment. It doesn't recommend treatment, and it isn't a treatment method in itself. Save the result and bring it to your appointment — that's where the real conversation starts.

How does Smile Bot work?

The process starts with uploading a clear smile photo that shows all of your front teeth. The system first separates the face and tooth area within the image, then compares tooth dimensions, symmetry and the lip-to-tooth relationship using proportions. It ignores the background; its analysis is limited to the smile area. It converts the measurements it takes into a representative image and displays it on screen next to your original photo. This image is a talking point, not a target. Look at the two side by side with your dentist at your appointment to help pin down what you're hoping for.

What does the photo show, and what doesn't it show?
The tool is limited to aesthetic criteria that can be read from an image. Tooth length and width proportions, midline deviation and how well the smile line follows the lip fall within this scope. On colour, it offers only a rough impression, and differences in lighting and skin tone can easily shift that impression. Decay severity, the extent of gum disease, bone loss and bite problems, on the other hand, cannot be reliably assessed from a photo; even where something is visible in the image, it doesn’t amount to a diagnosis. Nor can you read root structure or the margins of old restorations from an image. If you have composite fillings or porcelain restorations, these don’t respond to whitening gel, though composite can pick up staining from external sources over time. The colour shown in the simulation therefore can’t be taken as representative of your existing restorations — the screen gives you a general impression on topics such as teeth whitening or porcelain veneers, not a verdict on which one suits you.
How long does it take to get a result?
The digital pre-assessment result usually appears on screen within a few minutes. Uploading the photo depends on your connection speed, while processing the image itself takes only seconds. If the framing or focus isn’t good enough, the system will ask for a new photo, which adds to the time. The clinical timeline runs separately — the design and treatment stages are explained on our digital smile design page.
Who can benefit from this tool?
Anyone considering a change to their smile but unsure where to start can get an initial idea here. This includes people with gaps between their teeth, those who feel their teeth look short, or anyone unhappy with the colour of their teeth. If you find it hard to put what you’re hoping for into words, a visual starting point can make things easier. Someone living further away can also get a general picture before travelling to the clinic. For anyone thinking ‘I want a smile makeover, where do I start?’, the tool helps put the topics worth discussing in order. The content behind popular terms like Hollywood smile varies from person to person — your dentist plans around your own tooth dimensions, lip movement and gum level. Having this outline ready before your appointment helps make the best use of your consultation time.
Why isn't the result binding?
The visual simulation doesn’t include measurements, intraoral scan data or X-rays. The only input it has is a single photo, so the result is a predictive representation, not a measurement. Bone support is assessed through periodontal probing and X-rays (and 3D imaging where needed), while your dentist examines the bite relationship in person. These two factors are what actually determine the treatment option, and neither appears in a photo. Achieving the look shown on screen with porcelain veneers or crowns often requires removing a certain amount of tooth structure irreversibly, so liking the simulation doesn’t mean that method is right for you. Approaches that need no reduction, or only a small amount, can be an option in some cases — bonding is one of them. So is the risk purely technical? No — the idealised image on screen can make an achievable result look more dramatic than it really is, which can set the stage for disappointment. Your dentist establishes the diagnosis and treatment plan through examination and any necessary imaging; the result is not a promise of treatment.
What kind of photo should I take?

A photo taken in daylight, facing a window, makes the proportions easier to read; shots taken under overhead lighting create more shadow. Hold the phone at eye level, keep your face centred in the frame, and make sure all of your front teeth are visible. A natural smile is enough — just make sure your lips aren't covering your teeth. Turn off any filter, beautify mode and digital zoom before you shoot. Dark lipstick and harsh shadow blur the tooth outlines, and a blurry photo will need to be retaken.

When does treatment need to come first?
If there’s active gum inflammation, advanced decay or an untreated infection, the aesthetic simulation isn’t a priority — your dentist deals with that first. If you have pain or swelling, get the underlying cause treated before anything else. For people with noticeable orthodontic irregularities, the result can be misleading, because tooth alignment changes with methods such as clear aligner orthodontics. For anyone with limited mouth opening, advanced bone loss or jaw joint symptoms, assessment is best left to the clinical setting. Under the age of eighteen, the tool won’t run without parental or guardian consent. In this age group, gum levels and clinical crown heights haven’t yet settled while growth is still ongoing, so the aesthetic simulation has limited clinical relevance — permanent restorative treatment isn’t considered appropriate at this stage either.
How are photos and personal data protected?

Because your smile photo is processed for health purposes, it's classed as special category personal data under Article 6 of Turkey's data protection law (KVKK). Our clinic is the data controller. We process the image solely for pre-assessment purposes and only on the basis of your explicit consent. The company that provides the tool acts as data processor. Where the data needs to be processed on a server outside Turkey, the transfer is backed by an appropriate safeguard, such as an adequacy decision or standard contractual clauses, under Article 9 of the KVKK. Neither the photo you upload nor the simulation the tool produces is ever used in marketing, before-and-after material or on social media. You can withdraw your consent and request deletion at any time; the exception is health records that we're legally required to retain for a set period. No one sees the image other than the health professionals involved in your care and the authorised technical team.

The pre-assessment you see on screen is just a starting point; your dentist establishes the diagnosis and treatment plan after an examination. If you’d like to go through the result together, you can request an appointment via our contact page. Last updated: 4 August 2026. Reviewing dentist: Dr [Full Name], Dentist.
A New You

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Digital dentistry and master laboratory artistry.

Smile Design

Smile Design

Smile design is a holistic approach that plans the teeth, gums, lips and facial proportions together, rather than treating each in isolation. This page walks through the digital planning (DSD) workflow, the mock-up trial stage, and which treatments are typically combined. Open any heading below to jump straight to what you're curious about.

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Smile Bot: Digital Smile Pre-Assessment Tool

Smile Bot: Digital Smile Pre-Assessment Tool

Smile Bot is our clinic's digital smile pre-assessment tool. This page explains what the tool reads from a photo, where it can get things wrong, and how any image you upload is protected. A pre-assessment is not a substitute for treatment — diagnosis and treatment planning are only ever made through a dentist's examination.

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Same-Day Teeth

Same-Day Teeth

Same-Day Teeth is a workflow that uses digital impressions and in-house production to complete cosmetic restorations in a single day. This page covers the scope of the method, its stages, timing, possible risks and situations where it isn't appropriate, each under its own heading.

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Cosmetic Fillings

Cosmetic Fillings

Is it just one corner that needs repairing, or does the whole front surface need covering? When you notice a chip, a stain or an old filling on a front tooth, the decision often starts with that question. A cosmetic filling is a localised repair used in cases where the problem stays limited to one area. The headings below cover the scope of the treatment, the process, possible risks and aftercare.

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Hollywood Smile

Hollywood Smile

The Hollywood smile is one of the aesthetic topics patients bring up most often, yet very different treatment plans can sit under that same name. This page sets out the scope of the term, what a realistic expectation looks like, and the irreversible side of the procedure, in a balanced way. Tap any heading below to open the topic you're interested in.

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Inlay & Onlay Fillings

Inlay & Onlay Fillings

Inlays and onlays are porcelain or composite restorations used for extensive tooth structure loss in the back teeth. On this page you'll find the difference between the two designs, the stages involved, possible risks and aftercare. Open any heading below to go straight to what you're curious about.

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Same-Day Implants (Immediate Loading)

Same-Day Implants (Immediate Loading)

One of the questions we're asked most often about replacing missing teeth is whether a fixed restoration can be fitted on the very same day the implant is placed. This page looks at the scope of immediate loading, who it's suitable for, how it's carried out, its limitations and the possible risks, in a balanced way. Open any of the questions below to go straight to the topic you're interested in.

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All-on-4 Implants

All-on-4 Implants

The idea of supporting a fixed restoration on a completely edentulous jaw with just four implants is at the heart of the All-on-4 concept. This page takes an objective look at the logic behind angled implants, planning measures such as the cantilever and the spread of support, the stages involved, the healing timeline, the limitations, and the possible risks. Click or tap any heading below to open the detail on the topic you're interested in.

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All-on-6 Implants

All-on-6 Implants

How many implants to plan for a completely edentulous jaw is one of the details patients ask about most when it comes to treatment decisions. A six-support arrangement is just one answer to that question, and it comes into play based on factors such as bone volume and chewing load. In the headings below, you'll find an objective look at how the number of supports changes the planning, the stages involved, the possible risks, and where this differs from a four-implant arrangement. Open the heading you're interested in for the detailed answer.

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Laser-Assisted Implants

Laser-Assisted Implants

Laser-assisted implant treatment is a supportive approach that uses a laser beam at certain stages of dental implant surgery. The headings below take an objective look at how the method is carried out, when it comes into consideration, and where its limits lie. Open the question you're interested in to go straight to the answer.

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Single Tooth Implant

Single Tooth Implant

A single missing tooth can, over time, affect your chewing balance and the overall look of your smile. This page explains the scope of single tooth implant treatment, its stages, the possible risks, and what aftercare involves. Click on the heading you're interested in to open that section.

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Full-Mouth Implants

Full-Mouth Implants

Full-mouth implant treatment isn't a single technique. It's an umbrella term for the different implant and denture designs used when a jaw has no natural teeth left at all. On this page, we've brought together which approach suits which situation, how the process unfolds, the healing timeline, and the limitations worth knowing about. Open any of the questions below to go straight to what you're after.

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Multiple-Tooth Implant-Supported Bridge

Multiple-Tooth Implant-Supported Bridge

When you're missing several teeth in a row, it isn't always necessary to place a separate implant for every gap. Multiple-tooth implant-supported bridge treatment aims to build a single restoration resting on fewer implants than the number of teeth being replaced. The questions below cover what the technique involves, how it's carried out, its limitations, its risks, and what aftercare it needs.

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Sinus Lift

Sinus Lift

For people planning implants in the back of the upper jaw, bone height is often limited — a sinus lift is a surgical preparation aimed at increasing that measurement. This page covers the difference between the open and closed technique, how long the procedure takes, the healing timeline, and the possible risks, each as a separate topic. Click or tap any heading to open the explanation.

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Bone Graft

Bone Graft

A bone graft is a surgical preparation used before implant treatment to rebuild lost volume in the jawbone. On this page, we've brought together the types of graft available, how the procedure is carried out, the healing process, and the possible risks. Tap any of the headings below to open the answer to what you're wondering about.

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I Want a Smile Makeover: Where to Start

I Want a Smile Makeover: Where to Start

If you'd like to change your smile but aren't sure where to begin, this page is designed to bridge exactly that gap. Rather than describing a specific treatment, we explain what's covered in your first consultation, which options can be reversed and which can't, and how the overall process is usually planned. That way, you arrive at your appointment with a clear agenda instead of a list of unanswered questions.

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My Teeth Look Small

My Teeth Look Small

If you look in the mirror and feel your teeth appear shorter or smaller than they should, there's no single explanation for that. Sometimes the tooth itself is genuinely short; other times, the tooth length is completely normal but the gum covers more of it than it should. This page is designed to help you tell the two apart and work out the right next step.

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My Teeth Are Crooked

My Teeth Are Crooked

Teeth that overlap, or one tooth that sits further forward than the rest, are among the first things people notice when they look in the mirror — and among the things that bother them most. Crowding isn't a condition in itself; it's a finding that can have several different causes behind it. For some people it's purely a question of appearance, for others it also affects how easy their teeth are to clean and how the bite comes together. This page is designed to help you pin down your concern and see which kind of assessment might suit you.

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I Don't Feel Comfortable Smiling

I Don't Feel Comfortable Smiling

Covering your mouth with your hand for photos, or pulling your lip over your teeth when you smile, is a far more common habit than people tend to think. Behind it, there's usually a specific dental finding that's been noticed but never quite put into words — colour, alignment, a missing tooth, or how the gums show. This page is designed to help you understand what that might point to and find the right place to start.

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I Have Stains on My Teeth

I Have Stains on My Teeth

The mark you've noticed in the mirror might be nothing more than a surface residue from your morning coffee — or it could point to a colour change coming from within the tooth itself. The two look similar to the naked eye, but they call for completely different solutions. The sections below will help you work out which category your staining falls into, so you can choose the right next step.

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I Have Gaps Between My Teeth

I Have Gaps Between My Teeth

The gap between your front teeth might have stayed exactly the same for years — or it might have become noticeably wider only in the last few months. These are not the same thing: the first is usually a structural trait, while the second can be a sign of a process affecting the gums. This page is here to help you tell the difference and take the right next step.

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My Teeth Are Worn Down

My Teeth Are Worn Down

You may have noticed in the mirror that your teeth look shorter, that the edges have become translucent, or that small notches have appeared along the gum line. Wear doesn't come from a single cause — clenching, acid exposure, incorrect brushing and how chewing forces are distributed each leave a different kind of mark. This page explains what each clue might point to and guides you towards the right next step.

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My Gums Bleed

My Gums Bleed

A pink tinge when you spit out after brushing, or a mark left on the apple you've just bitten into — most people put it down to something that will sort itself out. In reality, this is usually the first visible sign of inflammation in the gum tissue. This page explains what might be behind your symptom, and at what point it needs a dentist's assessment.

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Bad Breath

Bad Breath

Bad breath is something most people are reluctant to talk about, yet it touches every part of daily life. In most cases, the source is inside the mouth itself — the back of the tongue, tartar build-up, gum problems and a dry mouth are usually the first things to consider. This page is here to help you understand what might be causing your symptoms and see which next step could be right for you.

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I Snore — Possible Causes and Who to See First

I Snore — Possible Causes and Who to See First

Snoring isn't a condition in itself — it's a sign that the airway is narrowing during sleep. In some people it's harmless; in others, it points to something that needs medical assessment, such as sleep apnoea. This page explains, in plain terms, the possible causes of snoring, the signs worth paying attention to, and the right order to seek help in.

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I Clench My Teeth

I Clench My Teeth

Most people don't notice they're clenching their teeth — it's the tired feeling in your jaw in the morning, or a dull pressure settling into your temples by midday, that gives it away. Unlike grinding, clenching is silent and can carry on through the day as well as at night. This page explains what your symptoms might point to and at what stage it makes sense to see a dentist.

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My Teeth Grind (Bruxism)

My Teeth Grind (Bruxism)

It's usually not you but someone sleeping beside you who first notices your teeth grinding together through the night. If you're waking up with a stiff jaw, a heavy feeling in your temples, or you can feel your front teeth flattening at the edges, this isn't something to put off. This page explains what grinding your teeth in your sleep might mean, and at what point it's worth seeing a dentist.

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I Have Jaw Pain

I Have Jaw Pain

If a throbbing pain in your jaw, one that radiates to your ear or gets worse the wider you open your mouth, has brought you here, it helps to know this isn't a complaint with just one explanation. The pain may be coming from the jaw joint, the chewing muscles, the teeth, or an entirely different system altogether. This page is here to help you describe what you're feeling, recognise the signs that call for urgent care, and find the right next step.

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My Tooth Hurts

My Tooth Hurts

Toothache that starts on its own, throbs, and gets worse at night is often an early sign of a problem in the inner tissue of the tooth or around the root. It's a different picture from the fleeting sensitivity brought on by something cold or sweet that fades within seconds — this kind of pain isn't expected to settle on its own. This page explains the possible sources of the pain, which symptoms call for urgent attention, and what to expect during an examination.

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My Tooth Is Sensitive

My Tooth Is Sensitive

If you feel a sharp, fleeting twinge in a tooth that lasts a few seconds after cold water, hot soup or a sweet mouthful, this is usually assessed under the heading of dentine sensitivity. The cause can range from gum recession to enamel wear, from a recent filling to a cracked tooth. This page is here to help you recognise what you're dealing with and find the right next step.

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I Can't Chew Comfortably

I Can't Chew Comfortably

Struggling to bite into food, avoiding anything hard, or always chewing on the same side quietly narrows your day-to-day life. There's no single cause behind this complaint — anything from a simple bite adjustment to a missing tooth, a cracked tooth or a jaw joint problem can produce the same result. This page is here to help you understand what's going on and choose the right next step.

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Zirconia Crowns

Zirconia Crowns

A zirconia crown is a fixed dental restoration built from a metal-free substructure with porcelain layered on top. It's used both in the front of the mouth, where aesthetic expectations run high, and on back teeth, where chewing forces are greater. The sections below cover the stages of treatment, the possible risks, and what aftercare involves.

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Empress Crowns

Empress Crowns

IPS Empress is a family of glass ceramics strengthened with leucite crystals, and in dentistry it's used mainly for aesthetic work at the front of the mouth. Because it transmits light in a way that's close to natural enamel, it's been one of the materials used in smile aesthetics for many years. On this page, you'll find Empress's composition, the treatment steps, its limitations and the possible risks.

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Porcelain Veneers

Porcelain Veneers

A porcelain veneer is a thin ceramic shell bonded only to the front surface of the tooth. It's an aesthetic approach aimed at addressing colour, shape and narrow-gap problems while leaving the back and chewing surfaces of the tooth untouched. On this page, we cover the stages of treatment, the trial process, its limitations, and its irreversible side in detail.

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Composite Veneers

Composite Veneers

Composite veneers are one of the aesthetic options considered for minor shape, colour and gap problems in the front teeth. Because the dentist builds up and shapes the composite resin in layers directly in the mouth, treatment is completed in a single appointment in most cases. Below, you'll find the scope of the treatment, how it differs from porcelain veneers and bonding, its risks and what aftercare requires.

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E.max Crowns

E.max Crowns

E.max is a glass ceramic system strengthened with lithium-disilicate crystals, used in aesthetic dentistry particularly at the front of the mouth. It can be made up as a single-tooth crown, or as a thin veneer covering only the front surface of the tooth. On this page, you'll find the material's properties, the treatment steps, its limitations and the possible risks.

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Monolithic Zirconia

Monolithic Zirconia

Monolithic zirconia is a type of crown and bridge milled from a single block of zirconia, with no separate porcelain layer added on top. Where it differs from layered zirconia is in having no porcelain layer on the surface, in the way it transmits light, and in how much tooth structure needs to be removed. On this page, you'll find which cases this single-block structure comes up for, its limitations and the possible risks.

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Porcelain Crown & Bridge

Porcelain Crown & Bridge

A porcelain crown is a fixed restoration that covers a single damaged tooth completely; a bridge closes the gap left by a missing tooth by drawing support from the teeth on either side. This page looks at how a bridge works, how the supporting teeth are prepared, how you clean underneath the pontic, and where the treatment's limits lie.

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Bonding Treatment (Composite Bonding)

Bonding Treatment (Composite Bonding)

Bonding is a cosmetic technique in which tooth-coloured composite resin is bonded directly to the tooth surface and shaped by hand. For small chips, worn biting edges, narrow gaps between teeth and irregularities in the form of a single tooth, it's usually completed in a single visit. Cutting into sound enamel is either unnecessary altogether or kept to an absolute minimum.

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Glass Ceramic Crowns

Glass Ceramic Crowns

Glass ceramics are the umbrella term for restoration materials that transmit light thanks to a glass matrix within their structure and contain no metal framework. Lithium disilicate, leucite-reinforced ceramic and feldspathic porcelain are all different members of this family. This page covers the shared properties, uses and limitations of the class as a whole.

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Teeth Whitening: In-Practice and At-Home Options

Teeth Whitening: In-Practice and At-Home Options

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic treatment that lightens the tooth's shade by using peroxide-based gels to break down the colour molecules that have built up in the enamel and dentine. The in-practice method carried out at the clinic and the at-home tray method, followed under your dentist's guidance, work with different gel strengths and different exposure times. Because not every type of staining responds the same way, which stains are suitable for whitening is something your dentist determines at examination.

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Gum Aesthetics

Gum Aesthetics

A smile isn't just about the teeth — the gum's margin line, height and symmetry from one side to the other shape the visible frame around them. Gum aesthetics is the umbrella term for treatments that address issues such as excess gum showing when you smile, an uneven level on one side, or teeth that look longer because of gum recession. On this page you'll find the logic behind the treatment, its stages, its limits and what recovery involves.

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Scale and Polish (Tartar Removal)

Scale and Polish (Tartar Removal)

Scaling, more commonly known as scale and polish or tartar removal, is a clinical procedure that clears hardened plaque deposits from the tooth surface. It sits under both cosmetic and general dental health, since it affects the appearance of your smile just as much as the health of your gum tissue. The sections below cover the stages of the procedure, the sensitivity that can follow it, and the concerns patients raise most often.

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Crowns

Crowns

A crown is the general term for a fixed restoration cemented over a tooth that's been damaged or whose appearance you'd like to change — from full-coverage caps to the thinner veneer-style restorations bonded to the front of a tooth. It brings together a wide range of materials, from zirconia and glass ceramic to porcelain and composite veneers. This page covers the general picture of crown treatment: the stages every type shares, and the factors that shape which option is right for you.

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Fillings

Fillings

Tooth decay causes a permanent loss of structure in the enamel and dentine — the body has no way of making up that lost tissue on its own. A filling repairs the cavity left once the decay has been cleaned out, using a suitable material, and restores the tooth's chewing function. This page covers filling treatment for decay, the material options available, the sensitivity that can follow, and how a filling gets replaced over time.

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Root Canal Treatment

Root Canal Treatment

When deep decay or an injury reaches the core of a tooth, dentists follow a path aimed at saving it rather than taking it out. This field, known as endodontics, deals with cleaning and filling the root canals. On this page, you'll find the stages of treatment, how many appointments it takes, why a crown is often needed afterwards, and the possible risks.

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Tooth Extraction

Tooth Extraction

Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its bony socket using specialised instruments, carried out once keeping it in the mouth no longer serves any purpose. In modern dentistry, the priority is always to preserve the natural tooth — extraction only comes into the picture once other treatment options have been exhausted. On this page, you'll find how a simple extraction proceeds, why the blood clot afterwards is so important, and how the resulting gap can be filled.

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Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom Tooth Extraction

Wisdom teeth sit right at the back of the mouth and, in most people, start to come through between the ages of 17 and 25. In some mouths they settle into place without causing any trouble at all; in others, a lack of space or the wrong angle of eruption creates a risk of infection, pain and damage to the neighbouring tooth. This page sets out, in detail, which wisdom teeth can simply be monitored, which ones need extracting, and how the process works.

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Impacted Tooth Extraction

Impacted Tooth Extraction

Some teeth remain trapped within the jawbone or gum and never reach the mouth at all. Impacted tooth extraction covers the removal of these teeth through a minor surgical procedure — it doesn't just apply to wisdom teeth, but also to upper canines, premolars and supernumerary (extra) teeth. This page covers how treatment is planned, the surgical process, the risks involved, and the healing period.

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Invisalign Treatment

Invisalign Treatment

Invisalign is an orthodontic system in which tooth movement is planned on computer and carried out using a series of clear aligners, worn one after another. The basic principle is simple: each aligner moves a tooth a small step closer to its target position. Above all, the result depends on how many hours a day the patient actually wears them.

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Braces (Metal / Clear)

Braces (Metal / Clear)

Fixed brace treatment moves teeth in a controlled way using small brackets bonded to each tooth, linked together by an archwire. At Smile Group, the choice between metal and ceramic brackets is planned only after we've assessed your bite and how your teeth line up. On this page, you'll find how the treatment works, how long it takes, what it means for everyday life, and what happens during retention.

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Clear Aligner Orthodontics

Clear Aligner Orthodontics

Clear aligner orthodontics is a treatment approach that aims to straighten teeth step by step using a custom-made series of transparent aligners, without metal brackets. The method stands out for its appearance and for being removable, but it isn't enough on its own for every orthodontic problem, and the result depends heavily on how disciplined the patient is about wearing them day to day. On this page, we look at how aligner treatment works, where its limits lie, and who it's suitable for.

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Orthognathic (Jaw) Surgery

Orthognathic (Jaw) Surgery

In some bite problems, the underlying cause isn't the position of the teeth but the relationship between the upper and lower jawbones. Orthognathic surgery is a carefully planned process that addresses this skeletal difference alongside orthodontic treatment. Below, you'll find the stages involved, the timeline, the recovery period, and the possible risks.

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Children's Orthodontics

Children's Orthodontics

Because a child's jaw is still growing, the window for correcting misaligned teeth and bite problems works differently than it does in adults. Children's orthodontics is about monitoring that growth, guiding it where needed, and heading off more complex problems later on. Below, we've covered the questions parents ask most often — from when to book the first check-up to the types of appliances used, the risks involved, and day-to-day care.

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Fluoride Application

Fluoride Application

Fluoride is a mineral that helps strengthen the structure of tooth enamel and slows the development of decay. The varnish and gel forms used in the clinic are far more concentrated than the fluoride in a home toothpaste, and are applied directly to the tooth surface. On this page, you'll find the steps involved in the application, how often it's repeated, and the question parents ask about most: fluorosis.

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Fissure Sealants

Fissure Sealants

The chewing surfaces of the back teeth have grooves that are too narrow and deep for a toothbrush bristle to reach. A fissure sealant is a preventive treatment that fills these grooves with a flowable material, cutting down on bacteria and food build-up. It's most often used on newly erupted permanent molars.

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Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

Baby bottle tooth decay — known clinically as early childhood caries — usually starts on the upper front baby teeth. When a baby's teeth aren't cleaned after a night feed, they stay in contact with the sugars in milk, formula or juice for hours at a stretch. On this page, we explain how it develops, the early signs, the treatment options and how to prevent it, without any blame attached.

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Space Maintainers

Space Maintainers

Baby teeth do more than just chew — they also mark out the eruption path for the permanent tooth developing underneath. When a baby tooth is lost early, whether through decay, trauma or extraction, the neighbouring teeth start tipping into the gap. Space maintainers are small appliances designed to hold that space open until the permanent tooth is ready to come through.

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Crown & Veneer Materials Compared

Crown & Veneer Materials Compared

There's no single right material for every crown or veneer — the best choice depends on where the tooth sits in the mouth, how much sound tooth structure remains, and how much chewing force it will need to withstand. This page sets zirconia, monolithic zirconia, glass ceramic, porcelain veneers, composite veneers and metal-backed porcelain side by side. The aim isn't to rank one material above another, but to show which option tends to come up in which circumstances.

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